What is BackFlow Testing? How and When it should be done

Backflow testing is important for protecting the water supply in residential buildings, commercial properties and also in restaurants. Denver, Texas, Colorado, and many other states in USA require an annual backflow testing to be done legally. In this article our expert plumber Joseph will explain about what is backflow, how a backflow testing is done, and why it needs to be done.

Backflow occurs when contaminated water reverses its flow and mixes with clean water lines. This backflow contamination can cause serious health risks, Thus backflow prevention and regular testing is essential for keeping water systems clean and safe.

What Is Backflow, and Why it is Dangerous? How to prevent it?

Backflow is the reversal of water from its intended direction in your plumbing system. When pressure changes drastically (such as when a water main breaks or there’s a cross-connection), backflow can occur which makes the harmful substances like bacteria, chemicals, human waste, and dirt enter the clean water supply. This can affect not only your household but also your entire community’s water supply.

backflow preventer device

To prevent this, a device called a backflow preventer must be installed in your plumbing system. This device activates and stop the backflow when a significant pressure change occurs, ensuring that contaminated water doesn’t flow back into your clean water lines. However, the backflow preventer must be regularly tested to ensure it’s functioning correctly, which is why annual testing is mandatory in many areas.

The Importance of Regular Backflow Testing

official backflow prevention requirements

If you fail to test your backflow prevention device on time it may malfunction causing reverse function and contaminate good water which can result in causing health issues. Not only health issues, if it is noticed by authorities they slap you hefty fines and sometimes they suspend water supply to you. So, proper testing should be performed on regular times to make everything clean and safe.

What Happens During a Backflow Test?

While performing a backflow test, a licensed technician or plumber inspects the backflow prevention device to make sure it’s functioning correctly. The plumber examine, analyze and perform the following steps:

  • Check Valve Pressure: A check valve helps maintain the right pressure to prevent wastewater from flowing backward. To pass the test, this valve must hold a minimum pressure.
  • Relief Valve Testing: Relief valves should open before the system reaches a dangerous pressure differential. The technician will ensure they open at the correct pressure level.
  • Spring Functionality: The springs inside the backflow preventer must work properly to ensure the device can block contaminated water effectively.
    If the backflow device does not meet the required standards, it must be repaired if repairable or replace it completely to avoid the risks of contamination.

Step-by-Step Backflow Testing Process

  • Shut Off the Water Supply: The technician will first turn off the water supply (with your permission). No one will be able to use water on the property during this time. They will inspect the device and note details like the model, serial number, and location.
  • Turn Off the Downstream Shut-Off Valve: If your system includes a reduced pressure principle device, the technician will allow it to sit for a few minutes before connecting the test hoses. If water still pours from the valve, it needs to be serviced immediately.
  • Run Water Taps: The plumber will run several water taps to see if the relief valve activates. A faulty valve will cause the relief valve to open when it shouldn’t. The technician will use a gauge to measure the pressure. If the pressure increases, the valve will need to be replaced.

During the process, the technician checks the following:

  • Check valves: Ensure they prevent water from flowing backward.
  • Air ports: Verify they open as needed.
  • Relief valves: Confirm they open at the correct pressure point to prevent system failure.

Preparing for a Backflow Test

No special preparation is needed on your part for a backflow test. In most cases, the backflow preventer is located outside the home, so the plumber will access it easily. The entire test usually takes about 20 to 30 minutes, so it’s quick and convenient. There are few backflow prevention test kits which eases the work by completely measuring the pressures of the device and flows.

backflow preventer test kit

After the test is complete, the plumber will either tag the device, showing it has passed inspection, or schedule necessary repairs if the unit failed the test. You’ll also receive a copy of the backflow testing report for your records.

How to Know If Your Backflow Preventer Needs Testing

Most backflow preventers come with a small tag that includes the date of the last test. If you notice this date on the tag is expired, it’s time to schedule a test. If the tag itself is missing look for a test report copy which the plumber gave you in your last test. Remember, backflow testing should be done every year, so mark your calendar, and add reminders in advance. Since plumbers are often booked ahead of time, scheduling your appointment early will help you avoid delays and potential fines.

Backflow annual report and tracking template: Sheet Link

If your backflow preventer has been tested and is up-to-date, you can rest easy knowing that your water supply—and your household’s health—are protected from contamination.

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